Do you want to visit Hanoi? Hanoi, Vietnam’s charming capital, is a place where the echoes of its colonial past are still felt in its grand architectural masterpieces. Even though more than half a century has passed since the end of French rule (1884-1954), Hanoi’s landscape still bears the unmistakable influence of French colonial architecture.
When you visit Hanoi, you will find out more about these buildings. Scattered across the city, these buildings are a testament to the artistic and decorative styles brought by the French. From grand cathedrals to charming markets, each structure has its own story, reflecting the blending of French and Vietnamese cultures. Here are the top 15 iconic French colonial buildings in Hanoi that you shouldn’t miss on your visit.
1. Hanoi Opera House
Address: 1 Trang Tien Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi
The Hanoi Opera House is one of the most striking examples of French neoclassical architecture in Vietnam. Built between 1901 and 1911 by architects V. Harley and Broyer, the building takes inspiration from the Paris Opera. Its grandeur is evident in its decorative features, including Italian marble floors, French ceiling murals, and bronze chandeliers. Whether you are attending a performance or simply admiring its façade, the Hanoi Opera House is a must-visit for any architecture enthusiast.
2. Government Guest House
Address: 12 Ngo Quyen – 2 Le Thach, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
The Government Guest House is another gem of French architecture in Hanoi. Built in 1918, it originally served as the residence of the French Governor of Tonkin. Today, the elegant yellow building with the Vietnamese flag flying on top is used to host high-profile government guests. Its stately design makes it one of the most photographed colonial buildings in the city.
3. St. Joseph’s Cathedral, Hanoi
Address: 40 Nha Chung Street, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
St. Joseph’s Cathedral is the oldest cathedral in Hanoi, completed in 1888. Modeled after Notre-Dame de Paris, this majestic Gothic structure has tall domes, stained glass windows, and large bell towers. It is one of the earliest architectural works built by the French in Vietnam. With its ornate interior and serene atmosphere, St. Joseph’s Cathedral is a serene escape from the hustle and bustle of Hanoi’s streets.
4. State Bank of Vietnam
Address: 49 Ly Thai To, Trang Tien, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
The State Bank of Vietnam, originally the Indochina Bank of France, is a prominent example of French neoclassical architecture in Hanoi. Built in 1928, the building was redesigned in the 1930s in the Art Deco style, making it an architectural landmark. Its wide façade, symmetrical structure, and bright interiors make it one of the finest Art Deco-style buildings in Vietnam.
5. Visit Hanoi : Presidential Palace
Address: 2 Hung Vuong, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
The Presidential Palace, built between 1900 and 1906, is a grand example of French neoclassical design. Once the residence of the French Governor of Indochina, this yellow-hued building now serves as a venue for important state functions. The palace, located near Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, is surrounded by beautiful gardens, providing a picturesque setting for this architectural marvel.
6. Vietnam Military History Museum
Address: 28A Dien Bien Phu, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
The Vietnam Military History Museum, founded in 1956, stands as a fine example of French colonial architecture. The two-story building houses thousands of war artifacts, photos, and maps. Through its exhibits, visitors can gain a comprehensive understanding of the history and achievements of the Vietnamese armed forces.
7. Visit Hanoi: Dong Xuan Market
Address: 15 Cau Dong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
Dong Xuan Market is the oldest market in Hanoi, established in 1889 during the French colonial period. Built in the French style, this bustling market has been a vital part of the city’s daily life for over a century. Today, it offers everything from souvenirs and clothes to fresh produce and street food. The market is an excellent place to immerse yourself in the vibrant culture of Hanoi.
8. Hoa Lo Prison
Address: 1 Hoa Lo, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
Originally known as Maison Centrale, Hoa Lo Prison was built by the French between 1886 and 1901. It was used to imprison Vietnamese political prisoners during the French colonial era. Later, during the Vietnam War, it became infamous as the “Hanoi Hilton,” where American prisoners of war were held. The architecture of Hoa Lo Prison, with its imposing stone walls and high watchtowers, is a sobering reminder of the country’s tumultuous past.
9. Visit Hanoi: Long Bien Bridge
Address: Ngoc Thuy, Long Bien, Hanoi
Constructed between 1899 and 1902, Long Bien Bridge was a remarkable feat of engineering during the French colonial period. Originally named after Governor-General Paul Doumer, it was later renamed Long Bien after Vietnam’s independence. Spanning the Red River, this iconic bridge is a symbol of resilience and endurance. Its unique structure, designed by French engineers, remains one of Hanoi’s most iconic landmarks.
10. Vietnam National Museum of History
Address: 1 Trang Tien Street, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi (main branch)
Located behind the Hanoi Opera House, the Vietnam National Museum of History stands as a beautiful representation of French colonial architecture. Built in 1926 and opened in 1932, this museum showcases a stunning blend of Indochinese design. The museum displays Vietnam’s rich history, from prehistoric times to the August Revolution of 1945, through its extensive collection of artifacts, antiquities, and national treasures.
11. Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi
Address: 15 Ngo Quyen, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
The Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi is the oldest 5-star hotel in Hanoi, built in 1901 by two French businessmen. The hotel’s timeless beauty reflects French neoclassical architecture, with its dark wood-paneled lobby and luxurious furnishings. After its restoration in 1990, the Metropole retained its colonial charm, becoming a symbol of old-world luxury. Don’t miss the classic Citroën car parked outside, adding a touch of nostalgia to this historic hotel.
12. Visit Hanoi: Hang Dau Water Tank
Address: Quan Thanh, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
Built in 1894, the Hang Dau Water Tank is one of the oldest French architectural structures in Hanoi. This 25-meter-high cylindrical structure once supplied water to the entire Old Quarter. Its fortress-like appearance makes it a fascinating relic of Hanoi’s colonial past. Although no longer in use, the water tank stands as a historical landmark, preserved for its cultural significance.
13. Visit Hanoi : Cua Bac Church
Address: 56 Phan Dinh Phung, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
Cua Bac Church is a stunning Catholic church built between 1925 and 1931. Designed by architect Ernest Hébrard, it features an asymmetrical layout and combines French and Vietnamese architectural elements. This unique design makes Cua Bac Church one of the most beautiful and significant churches in Hanoi, known for its serene atmosphere and charming aesthetic.
14. University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Address: 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi
Built between 1923 and 1926, the University of Science at Vietnam National University is another creation of Ernest Hébrard. Its Indochine style architecture blends Western and Eastern influences, making it a remarkable example of colonial-era design. The university has undergone several transformations over the years and remains an integral part of Hanoi’s educational landscape.
15. Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Address: 1 Ton That Dam, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs building is another masterpiece of French architecture, designed by Ernest Hébrard in the Indochine style. Combining Eastern traditions with Western modernity, this structure is a rare and valuable architectural gem. Recognized as a national monument in 2016, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building is nearly a century old and stands as a symbol of Vietnam’s diplomatic history.
Experience Hanoi with a Free Private Tour Guide
Want to explore Hanoi’s French architectural heritage with a knowledgeable local? Book a free private tour with Club Hanoi! Our friendly guides will take you on a journey through the city’s most iconic French colonial buildings, sharing fascinating insights and stories along the way. Don’t miss the chance to experience Hanoi like a local—book your free tour today!
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HANOI FREE PRIVATE TOUR GUIDE
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✤ Adress: 158 Chua Lang, Dong Da, Hanoi
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